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Funzioni CURL, Client URL Library

Introduzione

PHP supporta libcurl, una libreria creata da Daniel Stenberg, che permette di collegarsi e comunicare con parecchi tipi di server e con parecchi tipi di protocolli. Libcurl al momento supporta i protocolli http, https, ftp, gopher, telnet, dict, file, e ldap. libcurl supporta anche i certificati HTTPS, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, l'upload via FTP (questo può essere ottenuto anche con l'estensione ftp di PHP), upload attraverso una form HTTP, proxy, cookie e autenticazione con utente e password.

Queste funzioni sono state aggiunte in PHP 4.0.2.

Requisiti

Per utilizzare le funzioni CURL occorre installare il pacchetto » CURL. PHP richiede che si usi CURL 7.0.2-beta o successivi. PHP non funzionerà con alcuna versione di CURL antecedente alla 7.0.2-beta. Dalla versione 4.2.3 di PHP è necessario usare CURL versione 7.9.0 o successiva. Con PHP 4.3.0 occorre avere CURL 7.9.8 o successive. PHP 5.0.0 molto probabilmente richiederà CURL 7.10.5 o successiva.

Installazione

Al fine di utilizzare il supporto CURL occorre anche compilare PHP con --with-curl[=DIR] dove DIR è il percorso della directory che contiene le directory lib e include. Nella directory "include" ci dovrebbe essere una cartella chiamata "curl" che dovrebbe contenere i file easy.h e curl.h. Ci dovrebbe essere un file chiamato libcurl.a nella directory "lib". A cominciare da PHP 4.3.0 si può configurare PHP all'uso di CURL per gli URL stream --with-curlwrappers.

Nota: Nota agli utenti Win32 Per abilitare questo modulo in ambiente Windows, occorre copiare libeay32.dll e ssleay32.dll dalla cartella delle DLL del pacchetto PHP/Win32 nella cartella SYSTEM32 della propria macchina Windows. (Es: C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32 o C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM)

Costanti predefinite

Queste costanti sono definite da questa estensione e sono disponibili solo se l'estensione è stata compilata nel PHP o se è stata caricata dinamicamente a runtime.

CURLOPT_DNS_USE_GLOBAL_CACHE (integer)
CURLOPT_DNS_CACHE_TIMEOUT (integer)
CURLOPT_FTPSSLAUTH (integer)
Disponibile da PHP 5.1.0
CURLOPT_PORT (integer)
CURLOPT_FILE (integer)
CURLOPT_INFILE (integer)
CURLOPT_INFILESIZE (integer)
CURLOPT_URL (integer)
CURLOPT_PROXY (integer)
CURLOPT_VERBOSE (integer)
CURLOPT_HEADER (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER (integer)
CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS (integer)
CURLOPT_NOBODY (integer)
CURLOPT_FAILONERROR (integer)
CURLOPT_UPLOAD (integer)
CURLOPT_POST (integer)
CURLOPT_FTPLISTONLY (integer)
CURLOPT_FTPAPPEND (integer)
CURLOPT_NETRC (integer)
CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION (integer)
CURLOPT_FTPASCII (integer)
CURLOPT_PUT (integer)
CURLOPT_MUTE (integer)
CURLOPT_USERPWD (integer)
CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD (integer)
CURLOPT_RANGE (integer)
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT (integer)
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS (integer)
CURLOPT_REFERER (integer)
CURLOPT_USERAGENT (integer)
CURLOPT_FTPPORT (integer)
CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV (integer)
CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT (integer)
CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME (integer)
CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM (integer)
CURLOPT_COOKIE (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLCERT (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD (integer)
CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER (integer)
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST (integer)
CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLVERSION (integer)
CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION (integer)
CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE (integer)
CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST (integer)
CURLOPT_STDERR (integer)
CURLOPT_TRANSFERTEXT (integer)
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER (integer)
CURLOPT_QUOTE (integer)
CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE (integer)
CURLOPT_INTERFACE (integer)
CURLOPT_KRB4LEVEL (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL (integer)
CURLOPT_FILETIME (integer)
CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION (integer)
CURLOPT_READFUNCTION (integer)
CURLOPT_PASSWDFUNCTION (integer)
CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION (integer)
CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS (integer)
CURLOPT_MAXCONNECTS (integer)
CURLOPT_CLOSEPOLICY (integer)
CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT (integer)
CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE (integer)
CURLOPT_RANDOM_FILE (integer)
CURLOPT_EGDSOCKET (integer)
CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT (integer)
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER (integer)
CURLOPT_CAINFO (integer)
CURLOPT_CAPATH (integer)
CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR (integer)
CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST (integer)
CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER (integer)
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL (integer)
CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE (integer)
CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTPGET (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLKEY (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLKEYPASSWD (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLENGINE (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLENGINE_DEFAULT (integer)
CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE (integer)
CURLOPT_CRLF (integer)
CURLOPT_ENCODING (integer)
CURLOPT_PROXYPORT (integer)
CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH (integer)
CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPRT (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTP200ALIASES (integer)
CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH (integer)
CURLAUTH_BASIC (integer)
CURLAUTH_DIGEST (integer)
CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE (integer)
CURLAUTH_NTLM (integer)
CURLAUTH_ANY (integer)
CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE (integer)
CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH (integer)
CURLCLOSEPOLICY_LEAST_RECENTLY_USED (integer)
CURLCLOSEPOLICY_LEAST_TRAFFIC (integer)
CURLCLOSEPOLICY_SLOWEST (integer)
CURLCLOSEPOLICY_CALLBACK (integer)
CURLCLOSEPOLICY_OLDEST (integer)
CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL (integer)
CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE (integer)
CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE (integer)
CURLINFO_REQUEST_SIZE (integer)
CURLINFO_TOTAL_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_NAMELOOKUP_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_CONNECT_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_PRETRANSFER_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_SIZE_UPLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_SPEED_DOWNLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_SPEED_UPLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_FILETIME (integer)
CURLINFO_SSL_VERIFYRESULT (integer)
CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_UPLOAD (integer)
CURLINFO_STARTTRANSFER_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE (integer)
CURLINFO_REDIRECT_TIME (integer)
CURLINFO_REDIRECT_COUNT (integer)
CURL_VERSION_IPV6 (integer)
CURL_VERSION_KERBEROS4 (integer)
CURL_VERSION_SSL (integer)
CURL_VERSION_LIBZ (integer)
CURLVERSION_NOW (integer)
CURLE_OK (integer)
CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL (integer)
CURLE_FAILED_INIT (integer)
CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT (integer)
CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT_USER (integer)
CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY (integer)
CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST (integer)
CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_SERVER_REPLY (integer)
CURLE_FTP_ACCESS_DENIED (integer)
CURLE_FTP_USER_PASSWORD_INCORRECT (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_PASS_REPLY (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_USER_REPLY (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_PASV_REPLY (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WEIRD_227_FORMAT (integer)
CURLE_FTP_CANT_GET_HOST (integer)
CURLE_FTP_CANT_RECONNECT (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_SET_BINARY (integer)
CURLE_PARTIAL_FILE (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_RETR_FILE (integer)
CURLE_FTP_WRITE_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_FTP_QUOTE_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_HTTP_NOT_FOUND (integer)
CURLE_WRITE_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_MALFORMAT_USER (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_STOR_FILE (integer)
CURLE_READ_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY (integer)
CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_SET_ASCII (integer)
CURLE_FTP_PORT_FAILED (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_USE_REST (integer)
CURLE_FTP_COULDNT_GET_SIZE (integer)
CURLE_HTTP_RANGE_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_HTTP_POST_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_FTP_BAD_DOWNLOAD_RESUME (integer)
CURLE_FILE_COULDNT_READ_FILE (integer)
CURLE_LDAP_CANNOT_BIND (integer)
CURLE_LDAP_SEARCH_FAILED (integer)
CURLE_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND (integer)
CURLE_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND (integer)
CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK (integer)
CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT (integer)
CURLE_BAD_CALLING_ORDER (integer)
CURLE_HTTP_PORT_FAILED (integer)
CURLE_BAD_PASSWORD_ENTERED (integer)
CURLE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS (integer)
CURLE_UNKNOWN_TELNET_OPTION (integer)
CURLE_TELNET_OPTION_SYNTAX (integer)
CURLE_OBSOLETE (integer)
CURLE_SSL_PEER_CERTIFICATE (integer)
CURLE_GOT_NOTHING (integer)
CURLE_SSL_ENGINE_NOTFOUND (integer)
CURLE_SSL_ENGINE_SETFAILED (integer)
CURLE_SEND_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_RECV_ERROR (integer)
CURLE_SHARE_IN_USE (integer)
CURLE_SSL_CERTPROBLEM (integer)
CURLE_SSL_CIPHER (integer)
CURLE_SSL_CACERT (integer)
CURLE_BAD_CONTENT_ENCODING (integer)
CURLE_LDAP_INVALID_URL (integer)
CURLE_FILESIZE_EXCEEDED (integer)
CURLFTPAUTH_DEFAULT (integer)
Available since PHP 5.1.0
CURLFTPAUTH_SSL (integer)
Available since PHP 5.1.0
CURLFTPAUTH_TLS (integer)
Disponibile da PHP 5.1.0
CURLE_FTP_SSL_FAILED (integer)
CURLPROXY_HTTP (integer)
CURLPROXY_SOCKS5 (integer)
CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL (integer)
CURL_NETRC_IGNORED (integer)
CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED (integer)
CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE (integer)
CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0 (integer)
CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1 (integer)
CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM (integer)
CURLM_OK (integer)
CURLM_BAD_HANDLE (integer)
CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE (integer)
CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY (integer)
CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR (integer)
CURLMSG_DONE (integer)

Esempi

Una volta compilato PHP con supporto CURL, si possono usare le funzioni CURL. L'idea di fondo che sta dietro le funzioni CURL è: si inizializza una sessione CURL usando curl_init(), si impostano le opzioni per il trasferimento tramite curl_setopt(), si esegue la sessione usando curl_exec() e quindi si termina la sessione con curl_close(). Qui di seguito si trova un esempio che fa uso delle funzioni CURL per scaricare la homepage del sito example.com e metterla in un file:

Example#1 Usare il modulo CURL di PHP per scaricare la homepage di example.com

<?php

$ch 
curl_init("https://www.example.com/");
$fp fopen("example_homepage.txt""w");
curl_setopt($chCURLOPT_FILE$fp);
curl_setopt($chCURLOPT_HEADER0);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
fclose($fp);
?>

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